快速学习和掌握任何新事物的七个步骤

　　I hate learning.

　　我厌恶进修。

　　I wanted to learn how to trade stocks and I ended up losing my home. Iwanted to learn how to play chess better and in one of my firsttournaments I threw all the pieces on the floor and cried.

　　我想进修怎样买卖股票，成果我落空了我的屋子。我想进修怎样更好公开棋，但在我最后参与的一场角逐中，我把一切棋子都扔到地上哭了。

　　I wanted to learn to play poker and I lost about $20,000 the first tentimes I played.

　　我想学打扑克，打了十次就输了两万美圆。

　　I wanted to learn how to start a business. I wanted to learn more aboutinvesting. I wanted to learn computer programming, how to make a TV show, how to write a book, how to speak to a large audience, how todo standup comedy.

　　我想进修怎样创业。我想进修更多关于投资的常识。我想进修计较机编程，怎样建造电视节目，怎样写一本书，怎样对一大群观众发言，怎样做单口笑剧。

　　Heck,when I was a kid I wanted to learn how to breakdance. I wanted tolearn how to kiss a girl. I wanted and wanted.

　　见鬼，我小的时分就想学轰隆舞。我想进修怎样吻一个女孩。我想了又想。

　　Everytime I ended up crying. Over and over.

　　每次的成果都不尽人意。反复一遍又一遍。

　　This is what I learned about learning.

　　这就是我从理论中学到的。

　　A) HACK THE 10,000 HOUR RULE

　　A) 突破1万小时法例

　　This rule, developed by Anders Ericsson and popularized by MalcolmGladwell, damaging me for years thinking I needed 10,000 hours to succeed at anything, states that you need 10,000 hours of “deliberate practice” to reach master-level potential.

　　这条由安德斯·埃里克森(AndersEricsson)提出、马尔科姆·格拉德威尔(MalcolmGladwell)推行的法例，多年来不断在误导着我，让我以为我需求1万小时才气在某件工作上获得胜利。

　　For instance, as Gladwell writes in “Outliers” (but Ericsson disputesin his book “Peak”), The Beatles got their 10,000 hours playing 20 hours a day in strip clubs in Germany before they wrote theirfirst album.

　　比方，正如格拉德威尔在《局外人》(Outliers)一书中所写的那样(埃里克森在其著作《顶峰》(Peak)中提出了贰言)，甲壳虫乐队在创作首张专辑之前，曾在德国的脱衣舞俱乐部天天表演1万小时，天天20小时。

　　Mozartplayed piano for 10,000 hours by the time he was 12 years old.

　　莫扎特12岁的时分曾经弹钢琴1万小时了。

　　Story after story.

　　很多很多的列子。

　　So I felt frustrated. I feel frustrated.

　　以是我感应懊丧。我感应挫败。

　　I’m almost 50. I only like to learn something if I can be among the best.If I can reach my potential. Potential enough to see the nuances in something I love so much I want to get good at it.

　　我快50岁了。我只喜好进修一些我能做好的工作。假如我能够阐扬我的潜力。有充足的潜力去发明我十分喜好的工具的妙处，我就想做好它。

　　But I’ll be dead after another 10,000 hours of learning.

　　可是再学1万个小时我觉得我能够会挂掉。

　　But now I’m convinced the 10,000 hours can be skipped.

　　但如今我确信这10,000小时并不是必需。

　　Here’s how.

　　上面教您怎样做。

　　B) PLUS, MINUS, EQUAL

　　B) 加法，减法，等法

　　PLUS

　　加法

　　Find mentors.

　　找到导师。

　　A mentor can be real (someone who is willing to help you analyze your mistakes), or virtual (read books).

　　导师能够是实在存在的(情愿协助您阐发毛病的人)，也能够是假造的(念书)。

　　Both real and virtual are good.

　　实在和假造都是好的。

　　For anything you are interested in, you should read 100 books a year. You should watch 100s of videos.

　　关于任何您感爱好的工具，您该当一年读100本书。您该当看上百个关于这个的视频。

　　We have mirror neurons that learn by watching or reading our virtual mentors. It’s as if we download their lives into our brain and the mirror neurons think that their experience are ours.

　　我们有镜像神经元，经由过程寓目或浏览我们的假造导师来进修。就仿佛我们把他们的糊口下载到我们的大脑中，镜像神经元以为他们的阅历是我们的。

　　For instance, when I wanted to learn how to be a better public speaker, I would watch videos of great public speakers right before I had to speak.

　　比方，当我想要进修怎样成为一个更好的公家演讲者时，我会在演讲之前看一些著名的公家演讲者的视频。

　　When I played in chess tournaments I would play through the games of world champions so I could learn more how they thought about the game.

　　当我参与国际象棋角逐时，我会参与天下冠军们的角逐，如许我就可以更多地理解他们比照赛的观点。

　　And every time I lost a game I went over the game, move by move, with a grandmaster who I paid to coach me. He would set up similar positionsto my losing position and we’d play game after game until I mastered the nuances.

　　每次我输掉一场角逐，我就和我费钱请来的特级锻练一步一步地回忆角逐。他会复盘其时我输的处所相似的地位，我们会一场接一场的角逐，直到我把握了此中的纤细不同。

　　When I wanted to learn about investing I read every investment book Icould find and spoke with 100s of other great investors.

　　当我想进修投资的时分，我会浏览我能找到的每本投资册本，并和其他100多名优良的投资者扳谈。

　　When you read, to maximize what you learn: immediately after reading abook write down “ten things I learned”. Else, you won’t remember more than 1 or 2 things at best from the book.

　　当您浏览时，要最大化地进修:读完一本书后立刻写下“我学到了十件事”。不然，您最多只能记着一到两件事。

　　I’m trying to learn Standup Comedy now. I capitalize it because it’s that important to me. It’s the hardest skill I’ve ever had to learn.

　　我正在进修单口笑剧。我进修它是由于它对我很主要。这也是我学过的最难的妙技。

　　I’m in year two. I probably watch 20 videos a day. I videotape myself onstage 4–6 times a week. And I read books about and by comedians.And, fortunately, I have a podcast. So I ask great comedians to come on and I can ask them any question I want.

　　我在二年级时。我能够一天看20个视频。每周在舞台上拍4-6次。我还读过一些关于笑剧演员的书。荣幸的是，我有一个播客。以是我请出名的笑剧演员来，我能够讯问他们任何我想问的成绩。

　　EQUALS

　　等法

　　This is so important it really deserves its own letter. This one category alone, “Equals”, is worth about 4,000 of the 10,000 hours.

　　这是很主要的一点以是真的值得具有它本身的名字。仅这一类，“等法”，就可以抵得上10000小时中的4000个小时(40%!)。

　　Find people who love what you love and spend as much time talking about this shared area as you can.

　　找到那些志趣相投的人，花尽量多的工夫议论这个配合的范畴。

　　If you are all equally striving and finding your own path through learning this new skill you all want to share, then you will build community and learn together.

　　假如您们期望获得这个进修的本领且情愿相互分享，那您们就该当成立起进修小组一同进修。得到这个本领，您们就找到了进修之道。

　　( Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William S Burroughs, all rose up as writers together by comparing notes, editing each other’s works, encouraging each other, for over 20 years as they rose up inthe industry together).

　　(杰克·凯鲁亚克，艾伦·金斯伯格，威廉·S·巴勒斯，都是在20多年的写作生活生计中配合生长起来的作家，他们相互交换心得，相互订正作品，相互鼓舞。)

　　When I was learning poker, my friends and I would compare notes on every difficult hand we played during an evening.

　　当我在进修扑克的时分，我和我的伴侣们会整完就每个困难交流定见。

　　When I was learning investing, I’d talk to friends in every area of investing (day trading, arbitrage, value investing, specialsituations, quantitative, etc etc) and we’d share notes and quickly learn through the experiences of each other.

　　在进修投资的过程当中，我会和各个投资范畴的伴侣交换(一样平常买卖、套利、代价投资、特别状况、量化等等)，分享心得，经由过程相互的经历快速进修。

　　Why not do this with mentors? Because the mentors have so far passed this level they are not always able to get into the weeds in the same way as the Equals.

　　为何不是跟导师一同做呢?由于导师曾经经由过程了这一阶段，他们凡是不克不及以划一的方法来协助您处理成绩。

　　MINUS

　　减法

　　Explain what you are learning while you are learning it. Two reasons:

　　当您进修的时分，注释您在进修甚么。两个缘故原由:

　　1) If you can’t explain in a simple way, then you need to learn more.Beginner’s mind.

　　假如您不克不及用简朴的方法注释，那末您需求更多的进修。初心。

　　2) People who are behind where you are at in learning the skill will askbasic questions that you often need to rehearse and rehearse and rehearse. Again: beginner’s mind.

　　进修妙技落伍于您的人会问您一些根本的成绩，这些成绩您常常需求重复操练。主要的事说两遍：初心。

　　C) MICRO-SKILLS

　　C) 微妙技

　　Every skill worth learning has dozens of micro-skills:

　　每项值得进修的妙技都有很多微妙技:

　　For instance, when I started my first successful business I had some natural skills at sales and technology (it was a technology business)but I had to learn so many micro-skills in order to succeed that it felt like I was going to die and fail almost every single day.

　　比方，当我开端我的第一个胜利的企业，我在贩卖和手艺方面有一些天然的妙技(这是一个手艺营业)，但我为了胜利必需进修许多的微妙技，这些锻炼让我觉得天天都学到落花流水。

　　Here are some business micro-skills:

　　以下是一些贸易微妙技:

　　Sales,Management of employees, Negotiating, Selling to investors, Sellingto acquirers, Product development, Product consistency and execution,Motivation, Emotional stability, and on and on.

　　贩卖，员工办理，会谈，卖给投资者，卖给收买者，产物开辟，产物分歧性和施行力，念头，感情不变，等等。

　　All of the skills are exclusive of each other. Negotiating is not the same as Sales. Product development is not the same as management. Buteach skill needs to be developed to be successful.

　　一切的妙技都是彼此排挤的。会谈和贩卖纷歧样。产物开辟差别于办理。可是每项妙技都需求进修开展才气胜利。

　　Chessmicro-skills: openings, middle game, end game, tactics, positional play (which can be divided up into about 50 micro-skills, as well asall the different types of endgames), attack, defense, psychology,etc.

　　象棋微妙技:残局、中局、末局、战术、地位游戏(可分为约50个微妙技，和一切差别范例的末局)、进犯、防卫、心思等。

　　(White to move and win. Checkmate in two moves).

　　(白棋挪动并得胜。两招将逝世)。

　　Standup micro-skills (I think. I hope): likability, commitment, crowd work(20–50 different types of crowds, mic work, pacing, stage control,and finally humor, which includes: punchlines, premises, tags, callbacks, story telling, persona, act-outs, etc etc.

　　单口相声的微本领(我想，我期望):心爱度，许诺，大众事情(20-50种差别范例的大众，麦克风事情，节拍，舞台掌握，最初是诙谐，包罗:笑点，条件，标签，回话，讲故事，人物，演出，等等。

　　For whatever you are interested in: list the micro-skills. Figure out what you are good at, what you are bad at, and how you can learn to be better at each.

　　不论您感爱好的是甚么:列出您的小妙技。找出您善于甚么，您不善于甚么，和您如何才气在这两方面都做得更好。

　　D) FAILURE

　　D) 失利

　　Anything worth learning, you’re going to suck. You’re going to suck badly.

　　任何值得进修的工具，一开端您城市学得很烂、很蹩脚。

　　The first day you play chess: you might love it, you might be talented,you might be confident, but you are a disaster compared to anyone with experience who has studied the game.

　　第一全国国际象棋:您能够喜好它，您能够很有先天，您能够很自大，但与任何有经历研讨过象棋的人比拟，您的棋艺就是一个劫难。

　　The same goes for business. For investing. For writing. For acting. Forart. For creativity. For everything worth learning.

　　做生意也是云云，写作也是云云，演出，艺术，缔造和其他统统值得进修的工具都是云云。

　　And failure is painful.

　　失利是疾苦的。

　　(It took Edison 10,000 attempts before he found the right filament to invent a lightbulb)

　　(爱迪生测验考试了一万次才找到适宜的灯丝来创造灯胆)

　　Nobody wants to lose money in poker. Or in investing. Nobody wants to spend months or years writing a book nobody reads.

　　没有人想在扑克上输钱或投资。没人想花几个月或几年的工夫写一本没人读的书。

　　But if you love something, and you want to get to your peak potential,your heart is going to break when you inevitably fail. And you will fail big and horrible and it will be like your brain and heart are torn in half.

　　可是假如您喜好某样工具，而且您想要到达您最大的潜力，当您不成制止地失利时，您的心就会破裂。您会阅历宏大而恐怖的失利，就像您的大脑和心灵被撕成两半。

　　But that’s the good news:

　　但这是好动静:

　　Because then you’re uncertified to study the failure. You can go to a PLUS,and your EQUALS, and look at where you went wrong.

　　由于您没有资历研讨失利。您能够用加法和等法，看看那里堕落了。

　　You can’t learn as much from succeeding because it’s harder top in point where mistakes are (and it means you are not taking enough chances).

　　您不克不及从胜利中学到许多，由于很难找堕落误在那里(这意味着您没有捉住充足的时机)。

　　RayDalio, the largest hedge fund manager ever, told me on my podcast,“Pain + Reflection = Progress”.

　　有史以来最大的对冲基金司理雷•戴利奥(RayDalio)在我的播客上报告我，“疾苦+深思=前进”。

　　Pain is a must.

　　疾苦是必需的。

　　With standup comedy, I always say “Yes” to a challenge. Do comedy on a subway car? Yes. Do comedy on a Monday night in a blizzard with theentire audience from Norway? Yes. Go on stage with a 102 fever and my voice completely shot? Yes.

　　关于单口笑剧，我老是对应战说“好”。在地铁车箱里做笑剧?是的。周一夜在狂风雪中和挪威的观众一同看笑剧吗?是的。在102度发热的状况下下台，我的嗓子完整哑了?是的。

　　Then videotape. Then go over quarter second by quarter second.

　　然后用录相带，一节又一节的录。

　　I was speaking to one of the best comedians in the world a few weeksago. He told me he still videotapes and studies every single timehe’s gone on stage. Every year, every month, he’s better than the month before.

　　几周前，我和一名天下上最好的笑剧演员扳谈。他报告我，每次下台，他都还在录相和进修。每年，每月，他都比前一个月好。

　　With business, it’s difficult because a business can take years. But try to have mini-failures. Challenge yourself on deadlines, challenge yourself on customer acquisition, on customer service, on micro-execution of product, and on and on.

　　经商很艰难，由于经商要花好几年的工夫。可是试着微失利(精益创业)。在停止日期上应战本身，在获得客户上应战本身，在客户办事上应战本身，在产物的微施行上应战本身，等等。

　　Figure out the ways that you can fail, do them, study them, repeat.

　　找出失利的办法，去做，去研讨，去反复。

　　E) ENERGY

　　E) 肉体形态

　　This should be the first item. Because it’s the most important.

　　这该当是第一要素。由于这是最主要的。

　　Without energy, you can’t learn.

　　没有膂力，您就没法进修。

　　If you don’t sleep enough, you’ll be too tired and you won’t learn.

　　假如您就寝不敷，您会太累，没法进修。

　　If you’re in a bad relationship, your brain will be distracted and you won't learn.

　　假如您处在一段蹩脚的干系中，您的大脑就会被分离，您就没法进修。

　　If you don’t exercise your creativity, you won’t be able to combine ideas and learn from “idea sex”.

　　假如您不熬炼您的设想力，就没法分离各类设法，也没法从思惟的交汇中获得启迪。

　　If you are too anxious, you will spend too much mental energy worrying about the future instead of learning in the present.

　　假如您太焦炙，您会花太多的精神担忧将来，而不是今后刻开端进修。

　　When I went broke for the fourth or fifth time I finally had to take a look back and say, “What was I doing right every time I made money?” and “What was I doing wrong”. It all boiled down to:

　　当我第四次或第五次停业时，我终极不能不回过甚来讲:“每次我赢利时，我做得对的是甚么?”和“我做错了甚么”。这统统能够归结为:

　　PHYSICAL HEALTH: Eat / Move / Sleep

　　身材安康:饮食/活动/就寝

　　EMOTIONAL HEALTH: Eliminate ALL of the toxic people in your life.

　　感情安康:驱除您性命中一切负能量的人。

　　CREATIVE HEALTH: Write down ten ideas a day. The ideas can be about anything.

　　创意安康:天天写下十个创意。这些设法能够是关于任何工作的。

　　SPIRITUAL HEALTH: Learn how to deal with anxiety and regret. Release control over the things you have no control over.

　　肉体安康:进修怎样处置焦炙和遗憾。开释您没法掌握的工作。

　　Just these four things gave me so much energy, it probably took another1000–2000 hours out of the 10,000 hours.

　　仅仅这四件事就带给了我这么多的能量，这大要又协助我在10000小时中节流了1000-2000个小时(10-20%)。

　　F) THE ONE PERCENT RULE:

　　F) 1%法例:

　　Try to improve 1% a day at whatever it is you are trying to learn.

　　不管您想学甚么，天天都要勤奋进步1%。

　　This seems like a small number. Just one percent!

　　这看起来固然只是个小数字。只要百分之一!

　　But 1% a day, compounded, is 3800% per year.

　　可是天天1%的复利是每一年3800%

　　That’s 37 times better than where you started in just one year.

　　这比您刚开端的一年多了37倍。

　　I had a friend who I always played chess with. He played chess all day every day. But he never read a book on chess or studied with anyone.

　　我有一个常常和我下棋的伴侣。他天天下一成天的棋。可是他历来没有读过关于国际象棋的书，也没有和任何人一同进修过。

　　He just played the same moves and made the same mistakes game after game. I asked him why he didn’t take the basic steps to improve?

　　他只是在一场又一场的角逐中做一样的操纵，犯一样的毛病。我问他为何不采纳根本办法来进步?

　　All you have to do is take basic steps each day to improve as small as 1%.

　　您所要做的就是天天采纳一些根本的步调来进步哪怕是1%。

　　He said, “Ahhh, I just like to play.” Which is fine.

　　他说:“啊，我就是喜好玩啊，这就很好了。”

　　But he never got better. Chess is much more enjoyable (everything is muchmore enjoyable) when you get better and when you learn and can appreciate the subtleties and the nuances.

　　但他历来没有好起来。当您变得更好的时分，当您进修并能浏览此中的奇妙的地方时，国际象棋才会变得更风趣(此外事也一样)。

　　Everything is an art form. The greatest artists have a vocabulary of 100,000s of patterns in their chosen field.

　　统统都是艺术情势。最巨大的艺术家在他们挑选的范畴有10万多种形式。

　　“Speaking”that vocabulary is pleasurable

　　“说”那些辞汇是使人高兴的

　　because you can enjoy the art form more，you can succeed more easily, you get acclamation for your success, you make friends with others who are also successful because you speak their language- but it requires every day learning new "words"in your art form.

　　由于您能够享用艺术情势带来的更多益处,您能够更简单得到胜利,为您的胜利喝采,您和其别人交伴侣也会胜利的,由于您在用他们的方法语言,但它需求天天进修新的“单词”在您的艺术情势里。

　　Studying how Warren Buffet invests. Or how Bobby Fischer plays the King's Indian. Or how Richard Pryor brought his authentic voice into his comedy. Or how Richard Branson can build and manage 400 businesses.

　　研讨沃伦·巴菲特怎样投资。大概鲍比·费舍尔(国际象棋巨匠)怎样发挥印度流。大概理查德·普赖尔怎样将他实在的声音融入到笑剧中。大概理查德·布兰森(维珍Virgin开创人)怎样成立和办理400家企业。

　　Or challenging yourself to fail a little bit each day to expand your comfort zone.

　　大概天天应战本身去测验考试一点点失利，来扩展您的温馨区。

　　One percent a day=3800 percent a year.

　　天天1%=一年3800%。

　　G) DO IT

　　G) 去做

　　You can't get better at chess just by reading about it. You have to play.Then you have to play in high stress situations (like a tournament)

　　光靠浏览象棋常识，您是学欠好的。您得上手去玩。然后您必需参与一些高程度的角逐(如锦标赛)

　　You can't get to be the best at business just by reading about Richard Branson. You have to start a business (or work for a startup or even work for a big business and notice their small successes and failures)

　　仅仅经由过程浏览理查德•布兰森(Virgin开创人)的故事，您不成能成为商界的佼佼者。您必需开端创业(大概为一家草创公司事情，以至为一家至公司事情，留意他们的小胜利和小失利)

　　You can't get to be great at comedy by watching videos. You have to go on stage Every day.

　　您不成能经由过程看视频变得善于笑剧。您必需天天去舞台上演出。

　　Everyday.

　　天天。

　　Summary:

　　总结

　　1.PLUS, MINUS, EQUAL

　　加法，减法，等法

　　2.MICRO-SKILLS

　　微本领

　　3.FAILURE (Pain +Reflection=Progress)

　　失利(疾苦+深思=前进”)

　　4.ENERGY (Physical, Emotional, Creative) Spiritual health every day

　　肉体形态(膂力、感情、缔造力)天天肉体安康

　　5.ONE PERCENT RULE

　　1%法例

　　6.DO IT (every day)

　　去做

　　7.USE THE ABOVE TO HACK THE 10,000 HOURS RULE (10,000 hours of deliberate practice gets you to your full potential).

　　操纵以上办法来破解10，000小时法例(10，000小时的决心操练能让您充实阐扬本身的潜力)。